Vol. 11, Issue 2 (2022)

Author(s):
Gangireddy Visweswar Reddy, Suhel Mehandi, Satya Prakash, Harmeet S Janeja, Bitra Yasasvi, P Sai Theja Reddy and KT Sai Rithin Reddy

Abstract:
Submergence or waterlogging is among the most damaging abiotic stresses in low-lying areas, and agricultural damages due to waterlogging are significant. Plant breeding techniques, either traditional or genetically engineered, may be a productive and cost-effective approach of producing crops that can grow effectively in waterlogged and submerged conditions. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is a novel and much more effective method for identifying genomic areas of crops experiencing stress that could not be identified earlier. The development of complete molecular linkage maps allows us to pyramid favorable characteristics to increase submergence tolerance via MAS. Nevertheless, due to genetic and environmental combination, having too many genes encoding a characteristic, and utilizing unsuitable populations, QTL identification was impeded to maintain adequate growth and production under waterlogged circumstances. Waterlogging responses of soybean and key cereal crops such as rice, barley, maize, and sesame identification of QTL linked to waterlogging tolerance, creation of resistant varieties, and long-term prospects. In environment, such stresses play a significant role in determining the species makeup of an ecosystem. They create economic harm on agricultural land, as well as long-term societal effects. The analysis of various aspects of the stress, especially low stress, has aided knowledge of the plant’s biochemical responses to these two stresses. Field crops growth and productivity have slowed due to the harsh weather conditions. Therefore, crop damage and productivity losses are considerable. The morpho-physiological responses of crops during waterlogging, such as the formation of aerenchyma, shoot elongation, adventitious roots, and radial oxygen loss barrier in roots, antioxidant defense system, Anaerobic respiration, role of ethylene, are reviewed in this study.