Vol. 11, Special Issue 8 (2022)

Author(s):
Zeel Lalwani and Prasann Kumar

Abstract:
It is well known that several reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl peroxide and superoxide anion) are produced as a consequence of normal metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, respiration, and cellular metabolism. Plants can suffer oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species, which means they are exposed to unhealthful conditions, and this can result in their death. It is believed that ROS are produced by the cell endogenously as a result of lipid accumulations in the cell membrane. There is a consequent reduction in the production of soluble proteins and sugars, as well as a reduction in the absorption of elements throughout the cell membrane as a result. In order to regulate the whole process of ROS production, there is a signal protein that acts as a signal that signal when the body is under stress. This oxidative stress in agriculture crops can be attributed to the accumulation of heavy metal ions in the rhizosphere. During periods of stress in the rhizosphere, these ions cause damage to the plant's normal metabolism, causing damage to the plant's health. As a result of this, there is insufficient photosynthesis, which further results in inadequate yields as a result. There are some physiological changes that occur in plants as a result of oxidative stress. Throughout this paper, we will be exploring a range of topics, such as the introduction of ROS (reactive oxygen species) to crops, the production of ROS, the production of free radicals, mitochondrial oxidative stress, signalling, and the phytotoxic effects of ROS. At both the molecular and enzymatic levels of the cell, plants have evolved mechanisms to scavenge free radicals in order to protect themselves against ROS damage.