Vol. 11, Special Issue 6 (2022)

Author(s):
Umesh Bonthagorla, Thatigutla Sai Kartheek Reddy, Akash S, Humnabad Srikanth and Meraj Ahmed

Abstract:
Soil erosion is a major cause of soil deterioration due to physical, chemical, and biological factors which compromises the soil quality and loss of potential damage to the soil matrix i.e., harmful impact on the environment. Physical soil erosion involves a loss of structural integrity, which causes crusting, compaction, and a decrease in water permeability, resulting in wide changes in soil temperature, increased surface overflow, and soil degradation. Chemical soil erosion is the loss of organic matter or nutrients, soil salinity, acidification, soil degradation, and fertility reduction are all examples of soil degradation. Nutrient loss lowers soil’s ability to sustain plant growth and agricultural production and increases acidification. Biological soil erosion includes the removal of soil organic matter, reduction in biodiversity, reduction in a soil's capacity to store and absorb carbon, the release of plant nutrients, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases. During the precipitation/ high rainfall intensity/ wind storm the soil is damaged, eroded via Splash erosion, and rill erosion as detachment of soil deposited to dams and reservoirs via transportation of fertile soil. As a result, soil biota is moved towards the graveyard of soil due to the transportation mechanism occurs. Detachment, transportation, deposition mechanism of high rainfall erosivitity index. As a soil matrix disturbed the micro-organism which is responsible for the production of organic carbon from organic matter. The expense off- site effects of eroded soil and runoff gravel-bedded rivers which are also sedimentation of lost reservoir/ dam capacity which results in eutrophication of aqueous body and flooding of highways and villages is becoming more recognized. Natural Rainfall patterns have changed as a result of environmental damage by human in satisfy by human activities are likely to grow more prominent in the next decayed. Long-term intensify activity by a human may post a threat to the whole agricultural system throughout the world. All these sides and factors will put extra strain on the soul of the earth (i.e., soil). Forms of precipitation make soil erosion prediction and management more challenging. As a result, increased awareness, technology, and lawful understanding of the soil erosion process will be required to meet the upcoming difficulties of the soil conservation method. The impact of soil erosion origin mechanism as well as control techniques are discussed in this paper.