Vol. 11, Special Issue 5 (2022)

Author(s):
Hafsa Javeed, Farooz Ahmad Bhat, Tasaduq H Shah, Oyas Ahmad Asimi, Adnan Abubakr and Bilal Ahmad Bhat

Abstract:
Fish Red-Blood Cells (RBCs) are nucleated cells that can modify the expression of several genes in response to stimuli, contributing to the immune system's equilibrium. The erythrocyte of a fish can be thought of as a prototype for the red cells. It's an oval, flattened, biconvex disc that's perpetually nucleated and haemoglobin-laden. Erythropoiesis begins in the yolk sac and is followed by the intermediate cell mass in many fishes. These are the origins of the transient, primitive generation red cells, which initially emerge in fishes and are later found in all vertebrate classes, including mammals. In cyclostomes, dipnoi, and chondrichthyes, production of definitive generation erythrocytes is localised in evolutionary "pre-splenic" tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or in the spleen, whereas in teleosts, it is frequently located in the kidneys with or without splenic participation.