Vol. 11, Special Issue 4 (2022)

Author(s):
Amith G, Hemareddy Thimmareddy, Ramesh, Mahesh Haroli, Guna M and Dharani C

Abstract:
Climate has been main influential factor and having direct effects on agricultural production. The effects of agriculture on GHG emissions are also large. Agriculture is a major part of the global economy and uses substantial fossil fuel for farm inputs and equipment. Livestock’s releases substantial GHGs in the form of nitrogen and methane. The core challenge of climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture is to produce (i) more food, (ii) more efficiently, (iii) under more volatile production conditions, and (iv) with net reductions in GHG emissions from food production and marketing. Higher temperatures in already-hot regions will likely reduce crop yields and effectively shorten the growing season. Concerns about mitigating and adapting to climate change are renewing the impetus for investments in agricultural research and are emerging as additional innovation priorities. This adaptation and mitigation potential is nowhere more pronounced than in developing countries where agricultural productivity remains low; poverty, vulnerability and food insecurity remain high; and the direct effects of climate change are expected to be especially harsh. Adaptation to new traits and varieties of crops or shifting to a totally different mix of crops will be required to cope with dramatic changes in rainfall or temperature, and cropping systems will fundamentally change as a result. Improvements in crop yields per unit of land are crucial as an alternative to extensive conversion of grassland and forestland to crops. Therefore, practices or technologies with potential to increase the intensity of land use can yield mitigation benefits. As climates become hotter and precipitation more erratic, the potential for postharvest losses may increase and thus improved transport and storage become even more important. Post-harvest GHG emissions per unit of consumption mainly depend on efficiencies of transport rather than distance travelled. Awareness and proper implementations of weather-based crop insurance schemes (WBCIS) may aid farmers to adapt to climate change. This is especially helpful in the areas which are exposed to greater variability and more frequent extreme events.