Vol. 11, Special Issue 3 (2022)

Author(s):
Amit Kumar, Ghananand Tiwari and AK Singh

Abstract:
Vegetable production is one of the more dynamic sectors of agriculture in view of the economic value of the production. Vegetables are very important in daily diet of human being and to improve our economic position by growing more vegetables. Brinjal, okra, cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, beans and cucurbits are important vegetables cultivated in India. Several biotic and abiotic factors limit the productivity of vegetables, mainly diseases and insect pests. Because of high susceptibility of vegetables to insects, farmers tend to apply chemicals for protective purposes. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has disrupted the delicate balance between the insect pests and their natural enemies. The development of insecticide resistance in diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) in cabbage brinjal fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis), tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifollii) are a few examples. This has resulted in great hazards to the environment and ecological consequences like destruction of natural enemy fauna, effect on non-target organisms, residues in consumable product and the health of users and consumers, as well as serious resistance problems. IPM helps to reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides and ecological deteriorations. IPM includes bio-pesticides, botanicals, predators and parasitoids and all conventional chemical method of pest control.