Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 (2022)

Author(s):
Sadhana Tiwari, SS Lathwal, Yogesh Pandey, Nishtha Kushwah, Akanksha Gupta and AK Dang

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to look at the existing literature on the effect of micronutrient supplementation on colostrum and milk quality, production and health of dairy cows, as well as the effect on their calves. The dairy cow's hormonal level and nutrient demand fluctuate dramatically during late gestation, requiring multiple digestive, metabolic, and reproductive adjustments to fulfil the increased demand of calves, as well as the initiation of lactation. Supplementation of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) is equally important in animal feed as energy and protein. They control enzymes and hormones that have a role in metabolism, production, and health. Various studies on the effects of vitamins A, E and zinc on the transition phase have been conducted, and the results have been summarised here. Vitamins A and E are fat-soluble antioxidants that protect periparturient cows from oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation produced by free radicals. Zinc helps in hormone regulation and immune system integrity, as well as energy generation, protein synthesis, and membrane stability against bacterial endotoxins, as well as the development of antioxidant enzymes. Besides this zinc also helps in vitamin A utilization both have synergistic action. The effects of vitamins A, E, and zinc on dairy cow production and reproduction throughout the periparturient period, as well as the impacts on their calves, have been summarized here.