Vol. 11, Special Issue 12 (2022)

Application of stem cells in regenerative and reparative therapies is emerging worldwide. Stem cells are derived from embryonic and adult tissue, has ability to divide for indefinite period in the culture and give rise to specialized cells. Stem cells can be totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent on the basis of their potential of differentiation. Multipotent stem cells, subset of adult stem cells capable of producing bone, cartilage and fat cells and supports the formation of blood cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-blood adult stem cells obtained from bone marrow and adipose tissue. They are excellent candidate for cell therapy. Stem cells can be prepared through various methods. However, numerous factors such as age and physical status of the donor, tissue source i.e., fat and bone marrow; method of harvesting, manipulation, handling and storage of the sample, may affect the number and function of the stem cells. Stem cell therapy has been studied in various conditions such as soft tissue injury, wound healing, screening of drugs, tissue engineering, in regenerative medicine for treating several incurable ailments, in regeneration of tissue, repair of cardiovascular muscle and vascular tissue, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and burns. This review describes the clinical application of stem cells in various unresolving and complicated conditions.