Vol. 10, Special Issue 7 (2021)

Author(s):
Lelika Nameirakpam, SA Dwivedi and Chabungbam Neelima

Abstract:
The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella is the essential pest in cotton production areas i.e. southwestern United States and many other cotton-producing areas of the world. The high costs of chemical control, ongoing economic losses, secondary pest problems and environmental deliberation propose the need for ecologically oriented Pink Bollworm management strategies. Extensive research has occurred in a wide array of monitoring, biological control, cultural, behavioural, and genetic and host plant resistance methods which can serve as a base for the application of integrated Pink Bollworm management systems. Pink Bollworm life history characteristics, as the high of adults is specific, indicates the need for combinations of selected integrated pest management components implemented over large geographical area. Such areas associated a vast range of Pink Bollworm population densities, differences in cotton production methods and social and environmental considerations. The foremost option is tailor-made systems for targeted management areas with the selection of IPM components formed on the PBW population density, crop production methods and economic viability. The unlikelihood of eradication specifies the need for long-term monitoring and programme maintenance following successful area-wide management. PBW success of area- wide management is highly dependent on participation in the planning, site selection, implementation and evaluation phases of the programme by all segments of the agricultural community. An essential component deals with highly effective extension education communication programme. A local uncoordinated effort does not decrease the economic status of this pest in any area where it is an established pest. The possible long-term benefits of PBW population suppression on an area broad basis emerge to justify area broad efforts in terms of decreased costs, more effective control, less environmental contamination and other outermost problems related with traditional control approaches. Transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxins kill some important insect pests and thus can decrease confidence on insecticides. Extensive planting of such Bt crops increased concerns that their convenience would be cut short by quick evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by pests. Since1997, Pectinophora gossypiella is a almost pest that has experienced enormous selection for resistance to Bt cotton in Arizona.