Vol. 10, Special Issue 7 (2021)

Author(s):
Varun Sastry, BN Nagaraja, KM Srinivasa Murthy and V Mahesh

Abstract:
The objective of the present research was to study the sedation, induction and recovery characteristics of the anesthetic protocol consisting of Midazolam as the pre-anesthetic, Etomidate as the induction agent and Isoflurane for maintenance in renal compromised dogs. The study was conducted on six clinical cases of dogs with either acute or chronic kidney disease (stage-I and stage-II) undergoing the required surgical procedure using the anesthetic protocol under study. Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously @ 25 mg/kg BW, 30 minutes prior to induction. Butorphanol tartrate was administered @ 0.3 mg/kg BW,15 minutes before induction as a pre-emptive analgesic. Midazolam Hydrochloride was administered as the sedative @ 0.3 mg/kg BW. Etomidate was administered for induction of anesthesia @ 1.5-3 mg/kg BW, ten minutes after the administration of Midazolam. 1/10th of the dose was administered every six seconds till the desired plane of anesthesia sufficient to intubate the dog was achieved. Intubation was performed soon after the jaw tone and swallowing reflexes were abolished. Inhalation anesthesia was administered along with oxygen throughout the surgery. Tramadol hydrochloride was administered @ 4 mg/kg BW, IV, post-operatively. The goal was to achieve satisfactory level of anesthesia, enough to allow the surgical procedure to be carried out while maintaining all the hemodynamic parameters as close to the normal limits as possible so as to minimally influence the already compromised renal function. Quantitative parameters like time taken for onset of sedation, time taken for induction of anesthesia with Etomidate, recovery time, extubation time, time for sternal recumbency and time for unassisted standing were studied and qualitative evaluation of sedation, induction and recovery using scoring systems was carried out. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocol was found to be safe and effective for use in renal compromised dogs and provided fair quality of sedation, rapid and smooth induction and a quick and fairly smooth recovery while minimally influencing renal function.