Vol. 10, Special Issue 10 (2021)

Author(s):
M Jatav and P Verma

Abstract:
Newcastle disease is an economically important highly contagious bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species worldwide. Newcastle disease remains a constant threat to the poultry industry and is a limiting disease for poultry producers worldwide. It is caused by virulent strains of Avian Paramyxovirus-1, which is a single strand non segmented negative sense RNA virus. Virulent ND virus strains are endemic in poultry in most of Asia, Africa, and some countries of North and South America. The transmission of ND infection occurs through direct and indirect modes. According to variation in strains of NDV, the rate of mortality and morbidity in a flock is variable. Gross and microscopic lesions as with clinical signs, the organs affected in birds infected with NDV are dependent on the strain and pathotype of the infecting virus, in addition to the host and all the other factors that may affect the severity of the disease. Newcastle disease has public health significance and causes conjunctivitis in humans. Clinical diagnosis based on history, signs and lesions in addition hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test, virus neutralization test, Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay, plaque neutralization test and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used for confirmation of the ND virus.