Vol. 13, Issue 3 (2024)

Telomeres, the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, play crucial roles in maintaining genomic stability, regulating cellular proliferation, and impacting various physiological processes. This review delves into the intricate biology, dynamic nature, and multifaceted functions of telomeres in livestock species. The telomere dynamics, encompassing processes of shortening and lengthening, are examined in the context of cellular aging, disease susceptibility, and reproductive outcomes. Functionally, telomeres are integral to cellular homeostasis, immune function, and developmental processes, with implications extending to livestock productivity, aging, and disease susceptibility. Drawing from recent studies in diverse livestock species, including cattle, pigs, horses, and poultry, we examine the implications of telomeres in cancer research, assisted reproductive technologies, and breed-specific differences. Through a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature and recent findings, this review underscores the importance of telomeres in livestock biology and highlights avenues for future research in this vital area of study.