Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2023)

Author(s):
Vijayalakshmi D, Mrunal D Barbhai and Deepa J

Abstract:
Adolescents is a transition period and requires increased intake of essential nutrients. However, there is increasing prevalence of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in adolescents. In the present study it was observed that the mean nutrient intake calculated based on the food intake of respondents was below the recommended dietary allowances across all the three areas. The micronutrient adequacy for iron, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate) ranged from 50-65%, while that of calcium and vitamin C were >80%, this possibly was due to staple food like ragi and increased citrus intake during the pandemic, as per anganwadi guidance. Macronutrients like energy and protein had adequacy above >80%, >75%, respectively; while the adequacy for total dietary fiber was >70%. Urban area exhibited significantly higher consumption of key micronutrients (zinc, niacin, vitamin A) than rural area. Haemoglobin values showed a significant association with area (p<0.05), with the highest proportion of respondents having normal levels in urban (35%) compared to rural (32%) and peri-urban (16%) areas; mild anemia was more prevalent in peri-urban (53%) and rural (53%) areas, followed by urban (51%) area. The chi-square analysis showed no significant area-based disparities in nutritional deficiencies and morbidity status. Dental caries was slightly higher in urban areas (15%), followed by peri-urban (4%) and rural (3%) regions, potentially due to elevated carbohydrate consumption. Prevalence of dermatitis (10%), pale eyes (10%) spoon-shaped nails (8%), mottled teeth (6%), and gastrointestinal issues (2%) highlight micronutrient deficiencies for vitamins and minerals. Addressing these health problems necessitates nutrition education interventions for rural communities to enhance their micronutrient-rich food intake. Overall, nutrition education is essential to boost fruit and vegetable consumption, curbing adolescent micronutrient deficiencies.