Vol. 12, Issue 8 (2023)

Author(s):
Poloju Deepa, Koppu Vasavi, Ratna Supriya, Vemula Sravathi and Mudasir M Rather

Abstract:
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the economically devastating transboundary viral disease of cattle, caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Understanding the intricate dynamics of the host-virus interactions and immunopathogenesis during LSDV infection is crucial for devising effective control strategies and developing targeted interventions. This review article presents a comprehensive detail of the immune response elicited by LSDV infection, highlighting the role of both innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against the virus, mediated by phagocytes and natural killer cells. Subsequently, the adaptive immune response plays a pivotal role in neutralizing the virus through the actions of T cells and B cells, which respond to specific viral antigens. Nevertheless, the complex interactions between LSDV and the host's immune system can sometimes lead to immunopathogenesis, causing significant tissue damage and the characteristic skin nodules observed in affected animals. A comprehensive understanding of these immunological aspects holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions and novel vaccine strategies against LSDV with potential implications for livestock health, welfare, and global food security. By shedding light on the immune responses and their consequences, this review aims to provide insights into the immunological basis of lumpy skin disease and contribute to advancements in its management and control.