Vol. 12, Issue 6 (2023)

Background: This literature review examined the complex factors that contribute to childhood and adolescent obesity, focusing on the biological, cultural, and environmental influences on eating habits. The global obesity prevalence is projected to reach alarming levels by 2030, with sex and regional disparities.

Method: We extensively gathered relevant research papers and articles from reputable sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and other scientific websites. Our objective was to review the latest research findings and comprehensively understand this subject.

Discussion: Different dietary factors contributing to childhood obesity were considered. Sweetened beverages have been associated with weight gain and obesity-related diseases. Portion size influences energy intake and weight gain, with larger portions of energy-dense foods leading to overeating. Eating in front of the television negatively affects food habits and diet quality. Eating without hunger or emotional factors contributes to unhealthy dietary patterns. Frequent eating out and binge eating were identified as risk factors, along with snacking patterns involving high-energy, low-nutrient snacks.

Conclusion: This review emphasizes the importance of comprehensive approaches to prevent and address childhood obesity. Primary prevention strategies should focus on educating children and their families and promoting healthy diets. Secondary prevention efforts aimed at reducing childhood obesity and preventing unhealthy habits are crucial. Combining both approaches yielded the best results for tackling childhood obesity.