Vol. 12, Issue 6 (2023)

Author(s):
Hannah Sakile, Medapati Hema Sundar Satish, Chetan Kandapal, Pooja Sanasam and Ishika Bajaj

Abstract:
Fruit waste contains a variety of bioactive substances, including colours, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and many other phytochemicals. Using fruit "leftovers" as a foundation for bioactivities that could become new foods or food ingredients also generates new business prospects, increasing the characteristics of the circular economy. The citrus peel contains various bioactive compounds including carotenoids, flavonoids, flavones and flavonols, essential oil (terpenes and limonoids), pectin and flavanones. Also, they have various industrial application Animal feed, Organic fertilizer, Activated citrus peel extract, Preparation of citrus peel packaging films, biorefinery of orange peel, ethanol, industrial enzymes, paper pulp supplement and single cell protein. Microwave assisted technique is the most commonly used technique for extraction of bio-active compounds. The review highlights the diseases that can be prevented using the sample of bio-active compounds extracted. Also, there was a discussion on what are the future aspects of citrus waste industry. Each bioactive compound serves a distinct and important biological purpose in the management of specific illnesses. For instance, the most important phenolic chemicals to use in the food and pharmaceutical sectors are tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Numerous biological actions, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties, are displayed by these bioactive substances. Citrus peel is thus a prospective source of foods with beneficial properties. It can also be used as a thickening, flavouring, and food colouring ingredient. Citrus peel, a waste product of the citrus processing industry, thus demonstrates potential economic benefits by returning to the food processing chain as an additive and offering sustainable and creative approaches to the utilisation of food waste. Various innovative techniques for extraction bioactive components from fruit residue are highlighted in this review.