Vol. 11, Issue 11 (2022)

Author(s):
Radhika R, Aziz Zarina, Ramnath V, Karthiyayini K and Arun George

Abstract:
Nutrition is one of the several factors that determine the health of the animal. Good bone health increases the quality of life as bone forms a major connective tissue in the body. The role of vitamin D and calcium is a well-established fact from earlier researches. Other vitamins such as vitamin A, B, C, E and K also play an important part in contributing to the bone health. Hypovitaminosis of retinal causes cortical thinning of the periosteal bones. The B complex vitamins are important cofactors for various enzymatic reactions for example; folate plays a crucial role in homocysteine metabolism thereby contributing to the bone formation. The antioxidant nature of vitamin E helps to reduce the oxidative damage as well as protects the chondrocyte membrane from lipid peroxidation. Vitamin K primarily plays a key role in coagulation of blood but also has a role in bone health along with other vitamins. The water-soluble vitamin C is involved in the synthesis of collagen by influencing the function of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) protein, which hydroxylates prolines that are important for collagen assembly which contributes to long term bone health. The supplementations of both fat soluble and water-soluble vitamins are necessary for maintaining the optimal bone health along with calcium and vitamin D.