Abstract: Graph theory serves as a fundamental pillar in the realm of mathematics, offering a versatile framework for modeling complex systems and solving a myriad of real-world problems. This research paper delves into the rich landscape of graph theory, focusing on the development and application of advanced algorithms. Through meticulous analysis and synthesis of existing methodologies, novel algorithms are proposed and evaluated, aiming to enhance efficiency, scalability, and applicability across various domains. Moreover, this paper investigates the diverse applications of graph theory, elucidating its pivotal role in network analysis, social networks, logistics, bioinformatics, and beyond. By combining theoretical insights with practical implementations, this study contributes to the continual evolution and interdisciplinary relevance of graph theory.