Vol. 7, Issue 4 (2018)

Author(s):
V Ravikanth, Dr. M Lakshman, Dr. D Madhuri and Dr. B Kalakumar

Abstract:
Spinosad (SPD) and imidacloprid (IM) belongs to bacterial and neonicotinoid insecticides respectively widely used in grain crop cultivation throughout the globe and more in India which may find their way into feed channel of livestock. To study the toxic effects of SPD and IM and its combination the present experiment was designed to observe the toxicopathological effects in broilers and its amelioration with vitamin E (VE) and silymarin (SIL). A total of 120 male Cobb broilers were procured and divided into six groups consisting of 20 birds each with group 1 as control. The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks. Histopathologically, group 2 (treated with IM) liver section revealed marked dilation and congestion of central vein and kidney section showed cystic dilation and degeneration of tubules. In group 3 birds (treated with SPD), the lesions found in liver sections were moderate to severe dilation of central vein, severe dilation of sinusoids, varied degrees of degeneration in hepatocytes and focal infiltration of mononuclear cells. Increased interstitial space, moderate to severe degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells were observed in kidneys. Histopathological changes of liver in group 4 (treated with IM+SPD) were severe congestion and dilation of central vein and sinusoidal spaces, necrosis and focal area of round cell infiltration, mild cystic dilation, intertubular haemorrhage and degeneration of tubules of kidneys. The microscopic changes in group 5 (treated with IM+SPD+VE) liver were mild vacuolar degeneration, moderate dilation of central vein and sinusoidal spaces. Kidneys revealed mild cystic dilation, proteinaceous casts, intertubular haemorrhages and focal to diffused round cell infiltration. In group 6 (treated with IM+SPD+SIL), the liver sections revealed a moderate to severe vacuolar degeneration, severe dilation of central vein and sinusoids, kidneys showed mild hypercellularity at areas of degenerated glomerulus and moderate to marked dilation of tubules. These results revealed that exposure of Imidacloprid, spinosad and its combination resulted in alterations in pathology of liver and kidney.