Vol. 7, Issue 2 (2018)

Author(s):
Santosh Kumar Senapati, Priyadarshini Patnaik, Tushar Jyotiranjan, Manoranjan Das and Ramesh Chandra Patra

Abstract:
Blood protozoan diseases have global distribution stretching from the polar circle to equator as their arthropod vectors like ticks and flies have global distribution. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary from anorexia, fever, anemia, ketosis, threatened abortions to death in acute form and carrier stages in chronic form. The conventional diagnostic methods for most of the infections relying on microscopical demonstrations of infective stages in blood or tissue is time taking and detects at chronic stage of disease. The most popular serological tests for detection of antibodies against blood protozoan in both animal and humans are immunofluroscence, ELISA, sib variants and Western Blot but the sensitivity and specificity for detecting specific antibody is the cell culture technique. The long standing use of therapeutic agents against blood protozoan diseases along with their indiscriminate use have developed resistance. Successful control strategies depend on understanding of parasite developmental cycle, biology of tick vectors, immune response of cattle to tick and parasites as well as fulfilling the gap in diagnosis, treatment and prevention to save the life of livestock and huge global economic loss from livestock sector.