Vol. 9, Special Issue 9 (2020)

Author(s):
Arya Gopal, Radhika G, TV Aravindakshan, Naicy Thomas and Devi S

Abstract:
Mammary neoplasia is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumours in bitches and a major cause of death. Certain breeds have higher incidence of canine mammary tumour than others, indicating a significant influence of genetic risk factor. Mainly three types of genes are responsible for carcinogenesis; oncogene, proto-oncogene and tumour suppressor gene. Among tumour suppressor genes the most repeatedly studied risk genes with respect to canine mammary tumour are Tumour protein 53 (p53), Breast Cancer1 gene (BRCA1), Breast Cancer 2 gene (BRCA2), Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene (PTEN), E-cadherin gene and Serine/Threonine kinase11 gene (STK11). Through different pathways they aid in tumour suppression. Various gene variants and alterations in genetic expression were identified in these genes with respect to canine mammary tumour. Despite the researches for the past few decades, scientists were not able to find out a promising molecular marker which help in early detection and better prognosis of the disease. So there exists a need for a deeper and closer research using most modern and sophisticated molecular technologies in canine mammary tumour. The better understanding of molecular mechanism of canine mammary tumour will help to choose better therapeutic strategies and thus bring an improvement in health and survival of canine population.