Vol. 14, Issue 6 (2025)

Author(s):
Shubham Kamble, Tirupati Rasala, Chitra Paytode, Kanak Virkhade, Sharwari Ghate, Divya Moundekar, Shubhangini Dongare, Sayli Nigot, Narendra Koturwad, Shreyashi Sonkar and Dwipraj Bhange

Abstract:
Microemulsions (MEs) are gaining significant attention as versatile and efficient drug delivery systems, particularly for hydrophilic drugs that exhibit poor solubility, low permeability, and reduced bioavailability. This review explores the design, functionality, and applications of microemulsions as novel carriers to overcome conventional barriers associated with the delivery of hydrophilic therapeutic agents. A detailed discussion is provided on their physicochemical properties, formulation components, and mechanisms that enhance drug stability, absorption, and targeted delivery. The review further elaborates on the potential of microemulsions in facilitating drug administration via various routes, including nasal, ocular, transdermal, and oral pathways. Representative case studies of drugs such as fluconazole, timolol maleate, acyclovir, and rasagiline mesylate are examined to demonstrate the improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles achieved through microemulsion-based systems. The advantages of microemulsions, including enhanced solubility, mucoadhesion, sustained release, and bypassing of first-pass metabolism, are highlighted as key factors contributing to therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. This review concludes that microemulsions offer a flexible and promising platform for the targeted and effective delivery of hydrophilic drugs across multiple therapeutic domains.