Environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and strategies for mitigation
Author(s):
Mathikere Shivaraju Apoorva, S Harshitha Nayak and Sindhu Dinesh
Abstract:
The transition to renewable energy systems is critical to combating climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, but it is not without environmental challenges. World is in the urgency of increasing the renewable energy generation to fulfil the climate goals. The real challenge is use of renewable energy towards combating the climate change really sustainable or not. This paper examines the environmental impacts of key renewable energy sources hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar, and bioenergy and explores innovative strategies to mitigate these effects. Hydropower projects can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and displace local communities, while geothermal energy may lead to land subsidence and emissions of greenhouse gases. Wind turbines, particularly horizontal-axis designs, impact bird and bat populations and contribute to noise pollution. Solar energy systems can result in habitat destruction and rely on resource-intensive manufacturing processes. Bioenergy production poses risks such as deforestation, soil degradation, and increased water usage if not managed sustainably. To address these challenges, the paper explores emerging technologies and strategies for mitigation. Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) offer more compact, wildlife-friendly designs, while air gen technology in which humid air in the nanopores, provide opportunities for sustainable energy generation with minimal impacts. Alternative sustainable energy solutions, including advanced nuclear energy, are highlighted as essential complements to renewables. Nanotechnology innovations, such as high-efficiency solar cells and advanced biofuel catalysts, enhance the performance and sustainability of energy systems. Additionally, sustainable bioenergy practices, such as integrating agroforestry and using non-food biomass, are discussed to reduce ecological trade-offs. Through a combination of technological advancements, ecosystem restoration, policy interventions, and integrated energy planning, the paper presents a comprehensive approach to achieving a sustainable energy future with minimal environmental impact.
How to cite this article:
Mathikere Shivaraju Apoorva, S Harshitha Nayak, Sindhu Dinesh. Environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and strategies for mitigation. Pharma Innovation 2025;14(1):42-47.