Vol. 13, Issue 11 (2024)

Author(s):
Adebayo Oladipo, Chinyere Obiageli, Tunde Okafor and Ngozi Eze

Abstract:
This study evaluates the role of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in enhancing crop productivity and soil health, aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of the long-term benefits of CA practices compared to conventional farming systems. The objectives of the study were to (i) synthesize findings from long-term studies on the impact of CA on crop yield across diverse cropping systems, (ii) evaluate the effects of CA on key soil health parameters, including soil organic carbon content, aggregate stability, microbial activity, and water infiltration rates, and (iii) identify the critical environmental and management factors that mediate the success of CA practices. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine data from long-term CA trials in diverse agro-ecological zones. Statistical tools such as ANOVA and regression analysis were employed to assess differences in crop productivity and soil health between CA and conventional tillage systems. The study included data on crop yields (e.g., maize, wheat, and legumes), soil health indicators, and environmental factors influencing the efficacy of CA. The results of this study demonstrated that CA significantly increases crop yields, particularly maize, with a mean yield of 5,250 kg/ha compared to 4,800 kg/ha under conventional systems. Additionally, CA practices improved soil health, with a substantial increase in soil organic carbon content (2.8% vs. 2.2% in conventional systems), enhanced aggregate stability, microbial activity, and water infiltration rates. These findings support the hypothesis that CA practices lead to a sustained improvement in both crop productivity and soil health over time, making it a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, Conservation Agriculture has the potential to enhance both crop productivity and soil health, providing a pathway toward more sustainable agricultural practices. However, the adoption of CA requires addressing socio-economic barriers and optimizing practices for various agro-ecological zones.