Vol. 11, Issue 10 (2022)

Author(s):
Alavala Umarajashekhar

Abstract:
Natural farming has emerged as a transformative approach to sustainable agriculture in India, offering an alternative to conventional farming practices that rely heavily on synthetic inputs. By eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, natural farming enhances soil health, conserves biodiversity, and mitigates climate change. This approach aligns with agroecological principles, emphasizing minimal soil disturbance, diverse cropping systems, and the use of farm-based organic inputs such as compost, cow dung, and botanical extracts. The present status of natural farming in India reflects both significant progress and existing challenges. Government initiatives such as the Bharatiya Prakritik Krishi Paddhati Programme (BPKP) and Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) have promoted natural farming adoption in states like Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Gujarat. The Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) model in Andhra Pradesh has demonstrated cost-effective and ecologically sustainable agricultural practices, leading to improved farmer incomes and soil fertility. However, the large-scale transition to natural farming faces hurdles such as farmer awareness gaps, yield fluctuations during the transition phase, market constraints, and certification issues. Despite these challenges, natural farming holds great potential for ensuring food security, economic viability, and environmental resilience. Strengthening research and extension services, improving market linkages, developing standardized certification mechanisms, and providing financial incentives can significantly enhance adoption. The integration of natural farming with agroecological and climate adaptation strategies can further bolster its effectiveness in addressing the impacts of climate change and land degradation. Policymakers, research institutions, and extension agencies must collaborate to create a conducive environment for natural farming expansion. By fostering farmer participation, investing in infrastructure, and integrating digital tools for knowledge dissemination and market access, natural farming can become a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture in India.