Vol. 10, Issue 5 (2021)

Author(s):
Unnati Patel, Sneha Macwana, RM Chavadhari and Arna Das

Abstract:
To ascertain genetic diversity, total 35 wheat genotypes were analyzed by 19 SSR primers. Out of 19, nine primers showed polymorphism and revealed considerable molecular diversity among wheat genotypes. The genotypes comprising different geo-graphic regions of India. A total 33 alleles were detected, with two to six alleles per locus and mean allelic richness of 3.66. The size of amplification product ranged from 61 bp to 724 bp. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.14 (Xgwm-609-2D) to 0.72 (Xgdm-109-5A) with an average of 0.50, indicating diverse nature of genotypes. The correlation coefficient between number of alleles and PIC value was r = 0.87. The heterozygosity value ranged from 0.29 to 0.97 with an average of 0.68. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.375 to 0.920 with an average of 0.610. Number of effective alleles ranged from 1.41 to 40.83 with a mean value of 10.28. The D genome contain highest mean number of alleles (4.00) followed by the A and B genome (3.66 and 3.33, respectively). The mean PIC value for three genomes viz., A, B and D was 0.53, 0.48 and 0.49, respectively. Dissimilarity indices between genotypes ranged from 2.013 to 4.721. Maximum dissimilarity index was found between the genotype IC0598590 and IC0595254 whereas lowest genetic dissimilarity was observed between GW-496 and EC0635787 and also between IC059923 and GW-366. The dendrogram prepared on the basis of dissimilarity matrix using the Euclidean method, delineated the 35 genotypes into two major clusters (I and II). Cluster I and II further divided in to two sub-clusters (IA, IB and IIA, IIB), while one genotype, IC0595254 remained separate which predicts that it was unique and diverse with respect to all other genotypes under study. Results indicated that wheat cultivars had high genetic diversity and these nine SSR markers could be successfully used in molecular characterization in wheat cultivars that may be useful as parental material for the wheat breeding programs.