Vol. 9, Issue 12 (2020)

Author(s):
Smiriti Hansda

Abstract:
Water balance and groundwater recharge are essential components of the hydrological cycle, significantly impacting water availability and agricultural sustainability, especially in regions that depend on natural water sources. This study assesses the water balance and groundwater recharge of the Guptamani Watershed in West Bengal, India, using the MIKE SHE model. The watershed is sensitive to seasonal rainfall patterns and exhibits varying rates of groundwater recharge across its terrain, which directly affects its water resources. By simulating the key hydrological processes, including evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of water distribution in the watershed. The results indicate that 72.28% of the total rainfall (949 mm) is lost to evapotranspiration, while 7.38% contributes to surface runoff, and 27.3% contributes to groundwater recharge. However, a net depletion of moisture in the unsaturated zone, amounting to -10% of the rainfall, suggests challenges for agricultural water management, particularly in upstream regions. The findings highlight the critical role of groundwater recharge in sustaining water resources during dry periods and emphasize the need for targeted water management strategies to enhance water retention, particularly in areas with reduced moisture content. This research offers valuable insights for improving water resource management and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in regions facing climate variability and water scarcity.