Vol. 1, Issue 8 (2012)

Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) are a major contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. This study evaluates the prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of ALRI among children under five admitted to a tertiary care center in Rajasthan.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric cases admitted between January and December 2010 with a diagnosis of ALRI. Data regarding demographics, clinical features, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes were extracted from medical records.

Results: Among 1,426 pediatric admissions, 288 (20.2%) were attributed to ALRI. Infants (0–12 months) comprised the largest group (52.4%). Common symptoms included cough (89.6%), fever (76.0%), and breathlessness (68.8%). Malnutrition (41.3%) and lack of exclusive breastfeeding (38.2%) were prominent risk factors. Pneumonia (67.7%) was the most common diagnosis. The mean hospital stay was 4.3 ± 1.8 days, with a recovery rate of 94.1% and mortality of 2.7%.

Conclusion: ALRIs remain a major health issue among children under five in Rajasthan. Preventive measures such as improved nutrition, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, and timely immunization are essential to reduce the disease burden.